传统手工艺

中国传统手工艺有着深远的历史与发展 下次我将进行透彻的分析 雕刻, 编织, 剪纸...... huang, xiaoye 中国结，剪纸 yue,shanshan 刺绣，砖雕 Cui,Ting 吹糖，皮影

中国传统手工艺博大精深 包括许多的方面  像剪纸糖人  泥人  刺绣  砖雕  面塑  等  这些传统手工艺已经有了上百年甚至上千年的历史了  但是  人们已经渐渐  淡忘它了  而我们组将介绍一些手工艺  让更多的年轻的人了解它  唤起大家的记忆  让我们的民族手工艺继续发展下去  <span style="font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我们组将介绍民族手工艺的其中 3 <span style="font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">部分  <span style="font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他们是中国结  <span style="font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">刺绣  <span style="font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和串珠

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中国刺绣博大精深 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它拥有着上百年甚至是上千年的历史了  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">刺绣的品种也是相当多的呢  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它有汴绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">湘绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蜀绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">粤绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">地方刺绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">等其他刺绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">被人们誉为中国艺术宝库的一颗明珠  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为中国四大刺绣之一她的发源地是苏州吴县一带  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏州本来就是生产丝绸的地方  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">自古以来就是锦绣之乡  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所以为苏绣提供了很好的发展条件  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏绣的全盛时期是在清代  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">当时的诗人唐伯虎推动了苏绣的发展  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">刺绣人结合绘画等技巧  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">使得他们的修做栩栩如生  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“以针作画，巧夺天工”  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之称 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏绣的针法主要分为两类 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一是  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二是  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直绣又分为两类  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一种是  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">另一钟是  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">缠针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">盘针又分为四类  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">切针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">接针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">滚针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旋针 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; msofareastfontfamily: 宋体; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: ZH-CN; msobidilanguage: AR-SA; msofontkerning: 1.0pt; textunderline: none;"> 苏绣长卷迎奥运 [] []

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣被发现与战国楚墓中 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">当时是 1958 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣吸收了传统的饿绘画技术  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在 1972 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在长沙马王堆汉墓中  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">发现了近闹  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">香囊手套围巾  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">等绣品  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣起源于湖南明见的刺绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">踏实我国四大名绣之一  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">而且值得一提的是  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣的饿发展  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">病没有停止  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">知道现在  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">已出现了异形异面的双面绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">湘绣的针法也是相当多的 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">像游针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">毛针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">齐针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">平针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">网针  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">交叉针等几十种 双面全异湘绣作品《阳春白雪武陵源》 [] [] [] <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣也是中国四大刺绣之一 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣又称川绣  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣主要已软缎和彩丝为主要原料  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣多有水墨写意画的艺术效果蜀绣的技艺特点有线法平顺光亮、针脚整齐、施针严谨、掺色柔和、车拧自如、劲气生动、虚实得体 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">蜀绣的针法有十二大类，一百二十二种. 常用的针法有晕针、铺针、滚针、截针、掺针、沙针、盖针等. 蜀绣常用晕针来表现绣物的质感，体现绣物的光、色、形，把绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">物绣得惟妙惟肖.

[] [][] <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">粤绣 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">广绣在历史上曾记录是是源于唐代 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">人物绣与花鸟绣等是广绣的特色产品，其中人物绣是广绣的主要产品之一，它根据画稿的不同要求，以虚实、施疏、层层叠绣、渗绣，线、面结合等不同的绣制方法达到形神兼备的中、外人士肖像. 广绣花鸟则善于体现 " <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">平、齐、细、密、均、光、和、顺 " <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的艺术风格. 它具有构图精密、色彩秀丽分明、针法多变、主题突出等特点. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">广绣特色： <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">用线多样，除丝线、绒线外，也用孔誉毛捻搂作线，或用马尾缠绒作线 [] [] <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">

=问题：1 “ 结”的由来？2 "结”代表的意义？= 中国结艺是中国特有的民间手工编结艺术，它以其独特的东方神韵、丰富多彩的变化，充分体现了中国人民的智慧和深厚的文化底蕴. 在北京申办奥运会的过程中，中国结作为中国传统文化的象征，深受各国朋友的喜爱. 它就像中国的书画、雕刻、陶瓷、菜肴一样，很容易被外国人辨认出来，首先是因为它的名字，从名字就可以看出它是中国众多手工艺品中的一个代表性工艺品. 其次，中国结所蕴含的意义. 不同的中国结具有不同的含义，例如，同心结，盘长结，鱼结等等. 结饰的涵义：一是取自结饰形状；二是取其谐音. 它们都具有中华民族特有吉祥美满的象征，将这些具有特殊意义的结饰送给亲友，不但喜气洋溢，也是一种千情万意的祝福. **<span style="color: red; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">中国结的起源 ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">古代有结绳记事之说，古时并没有很好的记录工具，人们为了记录大大小小发生过的事就会通过打结来记录，所谓“结绳为约，事大，大结其绳，事小，小结其绳. ”（东汉 <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">[|郑玄]   <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">《 <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Arial; msohansifontfamily: Arial;">[|周易] <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">注》）可见在那时结就被人赋予了“约”和“契”的法律表意功能，同时还有记录重要事件的作用. “结”因此而大受尊重. 但是随着时代的发展，“结”不再用于记事了，当它被打成各式各样的结时，它开始拥有它的含义了. 资料来源：http://baike.baidu.com/view/6120.htm#2 []

= = <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #bc76f0; font-family: 楷体;">剪纸 <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">剪纸的定义 ——“ <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">剪纸是一种镂空艺术和最为流行的民间艺术，在视觉上给人以透空的感觉和艺术享受. 其载体可以是纸张、金银箔、树皮、树叶、布、皮、革等片状材料. ” <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">（ [] <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">） <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">剪纸，又叫刻纸，窗花或剪画. 剪纸与中国其它的手工艺品一样也是一种有着深远的历史的中国民间传统手工艺品. 剪纸做为民间流星的一种手工艺品，不仅是因为它的材料易得，价格便宜，更是因为它样式千姿百态，而且它通过了剪出来的形状所要传达的意义. 它同时具有了“普及性，实用性，和审美性”如果比喻成人的话就是智慧与美貌并存. 例如囍，凤凰，鱼，福字. 这些都是包含喜庆的意思. 按找使用工具的不同，剪纸可分为剪刀剪和刀剪. 从名字可以砸的，一种是用见到直接剪出来，另一种是拿刻刀来剪. 具体怎么样还有待了解.



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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">砖雕，俗称 “ <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">硬花活 ” <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，是中国一种古老的建筑装饰艺术 <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">砖雕的早期形态是商周方砖  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">砖雕趋于成熟的标为汉画像砖  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">砖雕于唐朝走向繁昌  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">砖雕的载体类型有门楼  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">墙壁  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">楼房及屋脊  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">而砖雕的题材类型有许多如  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">花草  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">山水  <span style="color: #444444; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">文字等 <span style="color: #444444; font-family: ˎ̥;"> 明代砖雕珍品 《吉祥如意图》 [] [] 砖雕视频迎奥运[] 问题：1 请问中国的四大刺绣是什么？特点又是什么？ 2 砖雕的载体有那些 请举例 <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msofareastfontfamily: 宋体; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: ZH-CN; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">

问题： 1，吹糖的现今发展趋势如何？ 2，皮影的发源地在哪里？ comment:我个人觉得中国结这一部分应该加上几幅中国节的图片只是文字过于单调了 而且我觉得你如果加一段编制中国节的视频 会更加有趣 （岳珊珊）