关于园林的风水设计

  园林的风水设计，要考虑到方方面面， 风水的宗旨就是寻找生气. 而有生气的地方应该是：避风向阳，山清水秀，流水潺潺，草木欣欣，莺歌燕舞，鸟语花香之地. 这恰恰与生态建筑不谋而合！   生态建筑学是研究建筑环境与自然生物共生共存，和谐统一关系的综合生态学科.  　　山清水秀，避风向阳，会让人神情愉悦；流水潺潺，草木欣欣，会使人流连忘返；莺歌燕舞，鸟语花香，会使人心旷神怡 . 　　环境景观对人类产生的种种物理、生理、心理效应. 这一切会使我们身心更加健康，思维更加清晰敏捷，创造灵感格外活跃. 因此，园林风水亦愈来愈受人们重视，亦受到众多建筑开发商认可与推崇. 通过利用园林造景，包括水景方位、大小、流势走向，山景培砂，植物培植，林木生旺位，林木树种，植物五行生旺，园区道路分布走向等，达到风水学中山水得位得体，山水交融，以合乎生态自然宇宙气机规律，而起到和谐协调，人与自然共生共存.  其次，风水学强调城市与建筑的 “ 面南朝阳 ” ，这即有其深厚的文化背景，又有着非常合理的科学依据. 这种 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“ <span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">面南朝阳 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">” <span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">思想的产生，又是由它特定的环境特点决定的. 因中国处在北半球中，阳光大多数时间都是从南面照射过来，人们的生活、生产是以直接获得阳光为前提的，这就决定了人们采光的朝向必然是南向的. 再者，面南而居的选择亦与季节风向有关. 中国境内大部分地区冬季盛行的是寒冷的偏北风，而夏季盛行的是暖湿的偏南风，这就决定了中国风水的环境模式的基本格局应当是坐北朝南，其西、北、东三面多有环山，以抵挡寒冷的冬季风，南面略显开阔，以迎纳暖湿的夏季风. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">我国古代园林的“相地”是指勘测与选择园地. 但相地原为风水术的别称，原意为观察山水形势、选择最佳地点. 由古代园林借用“相地”、“卜筑”等风水用词这一客观事实，足可说明我国古代园林与风水之渊源关系. 事实上，据清代档案显示，世代从事皇家建筑规划设计事务的样式雷，每遇宫苑规划设计任务，均要与钦命风水大臣同赴实地相度风水 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> ( <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">即相地 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> )  <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">，并绘制专门的风水形势图呈献皇上. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">在堆造假山即掇山的同时，我国古代园林也极为重视修造水景即理水 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">　　所谓绕，就是水顺随着山、石、树、建筑等直立而体量较大的园林景观而环绕. 风水把这种水称作“湾抱水”或“腰带水. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">在我国古代园林，曲折有两重含义 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"> : <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">一是指游路布置及其线型的曲折起伏 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"> (  <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以此义为主 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"> ):  <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">二是指主要的园林素材都顺应成为曲折造型，如曲桥、曲水、曲岸、曲廊、曲树等，以及屋顶曲线和翘角等. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">因此，它使我国古代园林尽管点地不一定很大，却极富于自然气息，使人 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"> “ <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">身居闹市，又有山林野趣. <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">　　综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif';">: <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">我国古代园林与风水之间有着密切的内在关系，虽然不能断言风水左右了我国古代园林的艺术创作，但它对于古代园林的渗透和影响还是显而易见的 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'ˎ̥','serif';">, <span style="color: black; font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">从而使我国古代园林留下了解不开、抹不尽的风水情结. = =